{"id":214,"date":"2015-09-05T18:39:58","date_gmt":"2015-09-05T18:39:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.thepromiseofcinema.com\/?page_id=214"},"modified":"2017-10-23T08:18:23","modified_gmt":"2017-10-23T08:18:23","slug":"devices","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.thepromiseofcinema.com\/index.php\/devices\/","title":{"rendered":"Illustrations"},"content":{"rendered":"

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If cinema meant many things, it also came in many forms. This page documents some of the vast range of moving image technologies and infrastructure from the 1900s to the 1920s in images. Where relevant, entries are matched\u00a0with a text from the book.<\/p>\r\n

\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Amateur<\/a><\/td>\r\nAdvertising<\/a><\/td>\r\nCameras<\/a><\/td>\r\nEducation<\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Fire<\/a><\/td>\r\nLight<\/a><\/td>\r\nMovie Theaters<\/a><\/td>\r\nPosters<\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Projection<\/a><\/td>\r\nScience<\/a><\/td>\r\nSound<\/a><\/td>\r\nStereoscopy<\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Television<\/a><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Amateur and\u00a0home cinema<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\r\n

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\"Amateur<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Messter’s Amateur-Kinetograph (1896). This device could be used as a camera and as a projector. From Oskar Messter’s sales catalogue.<\/p>\r\n

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\"Hand<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Advertisement for Messter\u2019s portable kinetograph with kerosine projection lamp (1897).\u00a0Translation: “Can be used at any time. Easy to operate. Weight: ca. 15kg. Good pictures guaranteed. Can be projected anywhere. No electric light, no gas, no petroleum, no ether, no oxygen.”<\/p>\r\n

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\u00a0\u00a0\"Screen<\/a><\/p>\r\n

\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

Sketch for a\u00a0“toy cinema” (1911<\/a>)<\/p>\r\n

\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

\"Biofix\"<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Biofix animated family portrait (date unknown), see text no. 278<\/p>\r\n

\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

\u00a0 \"Screen<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Ernemann amateur cinema (1911\/12), <\/a>see text no. 233 \u00a0<\/p>\r\n

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\"Screen<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Cin\u00e9phote animated portraits for the home (1912)<\/p>\r\n

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\u00a0 \"Screen<\/a><\/p>\r\n

“Pocket cinematograph”\u00a0(1921<\/a>) \u00a0<\/p>\r\n

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\"kinophot3\"<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Kinophot device for viewing animated portraits (ca. 1913).\u00a0Source: Pascal Fouch\u00e9<\/p>\r\n

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\"Screen<\/a>\"pathe<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Path\u00e9 Baby (1926), see text no. 148<\/p>\r\n

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Advertising and Industrial Film<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

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\u00a0 \"Screen<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Liesegang automatic advertising slide projector (1907)<\/p>\r\n

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\u00a0 \"figure<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Mobile\u00a0cinema for advertising (1921), see text no. 240<\/p>\r\n

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\"figure<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Atrax advertising projector for sidewalks (1921)<\/p>\r\n

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\"figure<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Industriefilm suitcase projectors for travelling salesmen (1921)<\/p>\r\n

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\"duoskop<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Duoskop film cabinet for projection in exhibitions and shop floors (1922)<\/p>\r\n

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\"figure<\/a><\/p>\r\n

“Capitol” shopwindow projector, Julius Pinschewer, 1925<\/p>\r\n

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Cameras<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

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\u00a0 \"Screen<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Skladanowsky photographic camera (1897)<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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\""Der<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Karl Freund with strap-on camera on the set of\u00a0Der Letzte Mann\u00a0<\/em>(1924), see text nos. 226, 229<\/p>\r\n

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\"Michell<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Two new Mitchell cameras and three pioneering cinematographers in Hollywood 1924. From the left: G\u00fcnter Rittau (Nibelungen, Metropolis, Blue Angel<\/em>); Charles Roshes (Rosita, Sunrise<\/em>), Karl Freund (Golem, Last Laugh, Metropolis<\/em>).\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

\"Mitchell<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Fritz Lang with a new Mitchell camera on the set of Metropolis in 1926. It was purchased on Lang\u2019s trip to America in fall 1924.<\/p>\r\n

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Education<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

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\u00a0 \"Screen<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Classroom equipped for film projection (1912), see text. no. 19<\/p>\r\n

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\"liesegang<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Liesegang projector for schools, 1912, see text nos. 19 and 241<\/p>\r\n

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\"Screen<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Ernemann projector for schools (1913), see text nos. 19 and 241 \u00a0<\/p>\r\n

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\"liesegang\"<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Liesegang “Glogoskop” slide projector (1913)<\/p>\r\n

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\"Screen<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Krupp-Ernemann “Magister” projectors for schools (1925<\/a>), see text no. 241<\/p>\r\n

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Fire<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

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\"2016-05-26<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Fireproofing device for movie theater projector (ca. 1926)<\/p>\r\n

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\"2016-05-26<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Cutting room destroyed by fire (1926)<\/p>\r\n

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Light<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

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\"Screen<\/a><\/h3>\r\n

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Projection lamp (1908)<\/p>\r\n

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\u00a0\"Gloria<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Gloria illuminated signs for cinemas (1912) \u00a0<\/p>\r\n

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\"Screen<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Jupiter lamps (klieg lights) for film shoots (1914), see text no. 159<\/p>\r\n

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\"lichtmodulator\"<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Moholy-Nagy, Space Light Modulator (1922-1930), see text no. 271<\/p>\r\n

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Movie Theaters<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

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\"Biophon-Theater<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Program for the Biophon-Theater Unter den Linden, Berlin (1904). “Projection of talking, singing and other lively photographs.” This theater had ca 250 seats and a daily attendance of ca. 500 people. The program alternated between synchronized music pieces and documentary and scientific films.\u00a0Shows started at 3pm and operated continuously, each cycle lasting ca. one hour. Spectators could come and go at any time. Approximately 500 biophone theaters existed in Germany by 1913.<\/p>\r\n

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\"Wien<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Kinematograph Theresia Klein, Vienna Prater (1905)<\/p>\r\n

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\"Ozone<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Advertisement for “Vulkan” air freshening apparatus (1911). The “spray man” was a regular feature in poorly ventilated cinemas in the 1910s. See text no. 67.<\/p>\r\n

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\u00a0 \"geisternacht<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Dressing up the cinema facade for Die Geisternacht\u00a0<\/i>(1912).<\/p>\r\n

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\u00a0\u00a0\"sarotti<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Cinema was often compared to a “vending machine” of visual pleasure (see text no. 7). But it also included vending machines, such as the Sarotti chocolate dispensers on the back of the seats in this image from 1913. A postcard dispenser is also visible to the right.<\/p>\r\n

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\"feld-kino<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Feld-Kino (cinema in the field), ca. 1916.<\/p>\r\n

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\"Ufa-Palast<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Ufa-Palast am Zoo (1919). The first version of Berlin’s premier picture palace with 1740 seats.<\/p>\r\n

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\"leuzinger<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Wanderkino (traveling cinema), 1924<\/p>\r\n

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\"Gloria-Past<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Gloria-Palast, Berlin. This picture palace opened in 1926 with a pantomime by Frank Wedekind and a screening of Murnau’s T<\/em>artuffe.\u00a0<\/em>It would also house the premier of\u00a0The Blue Angel<\/em>\u00a0in 1930.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\r\n

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\"theater<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Theater decoration for\u00a0Metropolis\u00a0<\/em>(1927)<\/p>\r\n

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\"Universum<\/a>\"Universum<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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\"schaub\u00fchne\"<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Erich Mendelssohn’s “Universum” picture palace was opened in 1928. Today, the reconstructed building houses the Schaub\u00fchne on Lehninerplatz.<\/p>\r\n

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\"babylon<\/a>\"babylon<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Hans Poelzig’s Babylon cinema, still in operation today, was opened in 1929 with 1300 seats.<\/p>\r\n

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\"ADN-ZB\/Archiv<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Cinema in M\u00fcnzstrasse, Berlin (1929), see text no. 77.<\/p>\r\n

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Posters<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

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\u00a0 \"Screen<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Normograph device for creating simple movie theater posters, see text no. 72<\/p>\r\n

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Projection<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

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\"Seeberograph\"<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Seeberograph itinerant cinema (1904)<\/p>\r\n

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\u00a0\u00a0\"\"<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Liesegang lantern projector with Wilhelm Busch slides (1908)<\/p>\r\n

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\u00a0 \"Screen<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Ernemann ‘Imperator’ for cinemas, (1909)<\/p>\r\n

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\"Laterna<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Magic Lantern for the home (ca. 1910)<\/p>\r\n

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\u00a0 \"Screen<\/a><\/em><\/p>\r\n

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Liesegang’s “Totalreflexwand” (1910), see text no. 233.<\/p>\r\n

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\u00a0 \"Zenish<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Advertisement for “Zenith” screen for projecting in open-air (garden) cinemas, 1912, see text no. 6 \u00a0<\/p>\r\n

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\"Screen<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Projector\u00a0for 360 degree panoramic films (1913)<\/p>\r\n

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\"Ernemann<\/p>\r\n

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\"Untitled\"<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Ernemann ‘Imperator’ (1914) and advertisement for the Imperator as “the German<\/span>\u00a0projection apparatus” after the outbreak of WWI.<\/p>\r\n

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Science<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

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\u00a0 \"Screen<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Camera for micro-cinematography (1914), see text no. 234<\/p>\r\n

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\"Screen<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Microcinematography camera by C. Reichert (1925<\/a>), see text no. 234<\/p>\r\n

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Sound<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\r\n

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\u00a0 \"Screen<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Seeberophon (ca. 1905)<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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\"Screen<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Thoro device for synchronizing film and phonograph (1909)<\/p>\r\n

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\u00a0 \"Screen<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Clavimonium – automated instrument for cinemas, combined piano and harmonium (1911<\/a>), see text nos. 193, 218.<\/p>\r\n

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\u00a0 \"Screen<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Poppers Matador control for music in the theater (1913)<\/p>\r\n

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Stereoscopy<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

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\u00a0 \"kaiserpanorama<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Kaiserpanorama (ca. 1900)<\/p>\r\n

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\"Screen<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Film stereoscope (date unknown)<\/p>\r\n

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\"Screen<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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Alabastra apparatus for 3D projection (date unknown), see text no. 262<\/p>\r\n

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Courtesy of Katharina Loew<\/p>\r\n

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Television<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

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\"carolus\"<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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August Carolus, large-format television (1924), using Nipkow disc<\/p>\r\n

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\u00a0 \"John<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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John Logie Baird working on early television transmitter in Falkirk Scotland using a Nipkow disk (1926), see text nos. 266, 270, 273<\/p>\r\n

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\"mihaly<\/a><\/p>\r\n

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D\u00e9nes Mih\u00e1ly, Telehor receiver, late 1920s, see text no. 273<\/p>\r\n

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